A century after Hawaiians lost their kingdom and much of their culture, a new generation is discovering its roots—and some of them want their islands back.
On November 23, 1993, a hundred years after the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawai'i, President Clinton signed into law what has become known as the Apology Bill (Public Law 103-150). The document offers "an apology to Native Hawaiians on behalf of the United States" for using U.S. naval forces to invade Hawai'i and depose Queen Lili'uokalani in January 1893.
The law also vindicated President Grover Cleveland's report to Congress on December 18, 1893, in which he described the action as an "act of war, committed with the participation of a diplomatic representative of the United States and without authority of Congress." The diplomatic representative was John L. Stevens, the U.S. minister assigned to the Kingdom of Hawai'i, who conspired with a group of American businessmen to overtake Lili'uokalani's government in hopes of profiting from Hawai'i's annexation by the U.S.
The provisional government established by the conspirators and officially recognized by Stevens protested President Cleveland's call for the restoration of the Hawaiian monarchy, but it was unable to get the necessary support from two-thirds of the Senate to ratify a treaty of annexation. On July 4, 1894, the new Hawaiian government declared itself the Republic of Hawai'i and in January of the following year forced Queen Lili'uokalani, who had been imprisoned in her palace, to officially abdicate her throne.
— Cate Lineberry