Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium)
Parts used and where grown: The wormwood shrub grows wild in Europe, North Africa, and western Asia. It is now cultivated in North America as well. The leaves and flowers, and the oil obtained from them, are used as medicine.
Wormwood has been used in connection with the following conditions (refer to the individual health concern for complete information):
Indigestion
Gallbladder inflammation
Irritable bowel syndrome
Parasites
Poor appetite
Historical or traditional use (may or may not be supported by scientific studies): Wormwood is perhaps best known because of the use of its oil to prepare certain alcoholic beverages, most notably vermouth and absinthe. Absinthe, popular in the nineteenth century in Europe, caused several cases of brain damage and even death and was banned in most places in the early twentieth century. Wormwood oil continues to be used as a flavoring agent for foods, although in much smaller amounts than were found in absinthe.
As a medicine, wormwood was traditionally used as a bitter to improve digestion, to fight worm infestations, and to stimulate menstruation. Clinical studies are lacking to support these uses. It was also regarded as a useful remedy for problems involving the liver and gallbladder.
Active constituents: The aromatic oil of wormwood contains the toxins thujone and isothujone. Very little of this oil is present in ordinary wormwood teas or tinctures. Although the oil destroys various types of worms, it may cause damage to the human nervous system. Also present in the plant are strong bitter agents known as absinthin and anabsinthin. These stimulate digestive function, including gall bladder function.
How much is usually taken? A wormwood tea can be made by adding 1/2 to 1 U.S. teaspoon (2.5 to 5 grams) of the herb to 250 ml (1 cup) of boiling water, allowing it to steep for ten to fifteen minutes. Many doctors recommend drinking three cups each day. Tincture can be used, in the amount of 10–20 drops in water, taken ten to fifteen minutes before each meal. Either preparation should not be used for more than four weeks consecutively.
Are there any side effects or interactions? Long-term (over four weeks) intake of the thujone-containing oil or alcoholic beverages (absinthe) made with the oil is strictly contraindicated—it is addictive and may cause brain damage, seizures, and even death. Short-term (two to four weeks) use of the wormwood tea or tincture has not resulted in any reports of significant side effects. Nevertheless, consult with a healthcare professional knowledgeable in herbal medicine before taking wormwood. Longer-term (over four weeks) use or intake of amounts higher than those recommended can cause nausea, vomiting, insomnia, restlessness, vertigo, tremors, and seizures. However, one study found there were no side effects when using less than 1 ml tincture three times per day for as long as nine months to promote digestive function. Wormwood is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.
At the time of writing, there were no well-known drug interactions with wormwood.
source:
http://www.herbalteas.org.uk/