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With the four-month-old "surge" in U.S. troops showing only modest success in curbing insurgent attacks, American commanders are turning to another strategy they acknowledge is fraught with risk: arming Sunni Arab groups that have promised to fight Al Qaeda-linked militants who have been their allies in the past.
The commanders say they have successfully tested the strategy in Anbar Province and have held talks with Sunni groups suspected of prior assaults on U.S. units, or of links to groups that have attacked Americans, in at least four other areas where the insurgency has been strong.
In some cases, the commanders say, these groups have been provided, usually through Iraqi military units allied with the Americans, with arms, ammunition, cash, fuel and other supplies.
U.S. officials who have engaged in what they call "outreach" to the Sunni groups say the groups are mostly ones with links to Al Qaeda but disillusioned with Al Qaeda's extremist tactics, particularly suicide bombings that have killed thousands of Iraqi civilians. In exchange for American backing, these officials say, the Sunni groups have agreed to fight Al Qaeda and halt attacks on U.S. units. Commanders who have undertaken these negotiations say that in some cases Sunni groups have agreed to alert American troops to the location of roadside bombs and other lethal booby traps. But critics of the strategy, including some U.S. officers, say it could amount to the Americans arming both sides in a future civil war.
The United States has spent more than $15 billion in building up Iraq's new army and police, whose manpower of 350,000 is heavily Shiite. With a U.S. troop drawdown increasingly likely in the next year, and little sign of a political accommodation between Shiite and Sunni politicians in Baghdad, the critics say, there is a strong prospect that any weapons given to Sunni groups will eventually be used against Shiites.
U.S. field commanders met this month in Baghdad with General David Petraeus, the top American commander in Iraq, to discuss the conditions Sunni groups would have to meet to win U.S. assistance.
Senior officers who attended the meeting said that Petraeus and the operational commander who is the second-ranking U.S. officer here, Lieutenant General Raymond Odierno, gave cautious approval to field commanders to negotiate with Sunni groups in their areas.
A commander who attended the meeting said that despite the risks entailed in arming groups that have until now fought against Americans, the potential gains against Al Qaeda were too great to be missed. He said the strategy held out the prospect, after three years of largely fruitless efforts by the Americans, of finally driving a wedge between two wings of the Sunni insurgency that have previously worked in a devastating alliance - diehard loyalists of Saddam Hussein's formerly dominant Baath Party, and Islamic militants belonging to a constellation of Al Qaeda-linked groups.
Even if only partially successful, the officer said, the strategy could do as much or more to stabilize Iraq, and to speed U.S. troops on their way home, as the "surge," ordered by President George W. Bush late last year, which has thrown nearly 30,000 additional American troops into the war but failed so far to fulfill the aim of bringing enhanced stability to Baghdad. An initial decline in sectarian killings in Baghdad in the first two months of the surge has reversed, with growing numbers of bodies showing up each day on the capital's streets and wastelands. Suicide bombings have continued at an undiminished rate, killing scores of civilians.
http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/06/11/frontpage/strat.php