A few random thoughts:
People always assume that the rich pay very little in taxes because of tax sheltering. Well, there are very few ways to do that legitimately, and usually they have to pay taxes at some point, they are just able to defer them to a later date. chcr, I know where you're coming from though... the more money you make, the easier it is to take advantage of the loopholes (the few that still exist). However, take someone that makes $200,000 a year. That might seem like a lot, but it's very difficult for them to shelter much of that unless they are doing it through a business that they own. It's the "upper upper" middle class that I think gets royall screwed - they don't make enough to shelter their taxes from the unfairly high percentage they are obligated to pay, and they make enough to have to pay that unfairly high percentage.
Another random thought: in case anyone was wondering, I think our tax laws should be vastly reduced in complexity. A flat or nearly flat tax across the board with a huge revamping of the way we handle different investments, as well as a huge revamping of the tax structure for businesses (where most of the "sheltering" actually takes place, as opposed to individuals).
Another random thought: I think a midway step in reforming our social services (healthcare, welfare, disabled, etc.) would be to privatize the handling of money, but leave the donation of money to be an involuntary action dictated by the Federal government... just as it is now. In other words, leave the tax the way it is for now (or at least, don't make changes on the basis of social care reforms), and dictate what percentage of each person's income should go to private charities (the same percentage that currently goes to SS, welfare, etc.). Let the individual choose what charities they think do the most good for the money. Set up an accreditation program, review board, and oversight organization. In all, it would take a lot less beauracratic overhead than the current publicly handled system.