This day in history.....

Sept. 6th


1837: Already one of the few U.S. colleges to admit African Americans, the Oberlin Collegiate Institute in Ohio becomes the first U.S. college to admit women to its regular college program.

1899: U.S. secretary of state John Hay circulates a letter arguing for an Open Door policy with regard to trade with China, rather than one that would carve up China into European spheres of influence.


1901: Anarchist Leon Czolgosz shoots U.S. president William McKinley at the Pan-American exposition in Buffalo, New York. McKinley dies eight days later.


1926: The Kuomintang Chinese nationalist forces led by Chiang Kai-shek reach Hankou at the confluence of the Han and the Yangtze rivers; Hankou becomes the Kuomintang capital.


1941: The Nazi government requires that all Jews in German-occupied territories wear the yellow star of David for identification.


1998: Japanese film director Akira Kurosawa, who often adapted Western literary works and forms to Japanese subjects, dies at the age of 88.
 
Sept. 7th


1822: Brazil declares independence from Portugal.


1860: Red Shirt troops led by Italian nationalist Guiseppe Garibaldi take Naples, one of the final steps leading to the unification of Italy under King Victor Emmanuel II the following year.


1892: Gentleman Jim Corbett knocks out James L. Sullivan in the first heavyweight championship bout fought under the Marquess of Queensbury rules, which require the fighters to wear gloves.

1901: The Peace of Beijing formally ends the Boxer Uprising in China. Under the agreement, China pays an indemnity to the European powers and lowers trade barriers.


1977: U.S. president Jimmy Carter and Panamanian leader Omar Torrijos sign the Panama Canal treaties, which return the Panama Canal to Panamanian control in 2000.


1979: ESPN, the first all-sports cable network in the United States, begins broadcasting.


1986: Two years after winning the Nobel Peace Prize, South African clergyman Desmond Tutu is named Archbishop of Cape Town, becoming the first black leader of South Africa's Anglican church.
 
Sept 8th


1565: Spanish colonists led by explorer Pedro Menéndez de Avilés establish the first permanent European settlement in North America at Saint Augustine, Florida.
Learn more about Saint Augustine.

1900: An unexpected hurricane devastates Galveston, Texas, killing 6,000 people.


1954: The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) is founded by the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Thailand, the Philippines, the United Kingdom, and France.


1971: The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts opens in Washington, D.C., with the premiere of Leonard Bernstein's Mass.


1974: U.S. president Gerald Ford, who took office after Richard Nixon's resignation the month before, pardons Nixon for any "crimes he committed or may have committed."


1998: St. Louis Cardinals slugger Mark McGwire hits his 62nd home run of the season, breaking Roger Maris's single-season record. Sammy Sosa of the Chicago Cubs will hit his 62nd five days later.
 
Sept. 9th


1850: Under the Compromise of 1850, California enters the United States as a free state, in which slavery is illegal. California is the 31st state in the Union.


1914: The First Battle of the Marne ends, in which German troops in World War I are decisively halted in their drive toward Paris, France.


1968: Amateur Arthur Ashe wins the U.S. Open tennis tournament in the first year it is open to both professionals and amateurs.


1971: Inmates at the state prison in Attica, New York, take 30 guards hostage in a revolt over prison conditions. Forty-three prisoners and guards will die in the revolt, which is violently suppressed four days later.


1976: Mao Zedong, the leader of the People's Republic of China since its founding in 1949, dies of Parkinson's disease at the age of 82.


1997: As part of the peace process in Northern Ireland, Sinn Fein, the Irish nationalist political party associated with the Irish Republican Army, formally renounces violence.
 
Sept. 10th


1608: The colony of Jamestown in Virginia, after a troubled first year, elects John Smith as its president.


1846: American inventor Elias Howe patents his sewing machine.


1935: Two days after being wounded by an assassin, U.S. senator Huey Long, the dominant political figure in Louisiana during the Depression, dies in Baton Rouge.


1963: Twenty African American schoolchildren enter public high schools in Birmingham, Mobile, and Tuskegee, Alabama, after Governor George Wallace yields to federal pressure to desegregate.


1981: The mural Guernica (1937), painted by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso in reaction to the German bombing of the town of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War, returns to Spain for the first time.


1988: German tennis player Steffi Graf completes the sport's first Grand Slam since 1970 by winning her fourth major title of the year, the U.S. Open.
 
Sept. 11th


1777: The British army, led by generals William Howe and Charles Cornwallis, defeats the American forces led by General George Washington at the Battle of the Brandywine in Pennsylvania.


1847: Stephen Foster's song “Oh! Susanna” is performed for the first time at a concert in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; it is the first of his many popular folk tunes to gain widespread success.


1962: The Beatles record their first songs for the music label EMI: "Love Me Do" and "P.S., I Love You."


1973: Chile's Socialist president Salvador Allende dies during a military coup led by General Augusto Pinochet and supported by the United States.


1985: Baseball player Pete Rose gets his 4,192nd career hit, breaking Ty Cobb's career record, which had lasted over 50 years.


1998: The U.S. Congress releases the report of special prosecutor Kenneth Starr, which details President Bill Clinton's alleged sexual misconduct and accuses the president of perjury and obstruction of justice.
 
Sept. 16th


1620: A group of 102 Pilgrims, most of them religious dissenters known as Separatists, depart for North America from Plymouth, England, aboard the Mayflower.


1804: French physicist Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac ascends to a record height of 7,016 m (23,018 ft) in a hydrogen balloon. He measures of the earth's magnetism, temperature, air pressure, and chemical composition.


1810: Father Miguel Hidalgo y Castilla begins a revolt for Mexican independence from Spain, which will be formally granted ten years later after a long revolutionary war.


1940: Texas congressman Sam Rayburn is elected Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, a position he will hold during Democratic majorities in the House until his death in 1961.


1966: The new Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center in New York opens, with the debut performance of Samuel Barber's Antony and Cleopatra, starring Leontyne Price.


1976: The Episcopal Church allows the ordination of women as priests and bishops.
 
Sept. 18th


1850: As part of the Compromise of 1850, the United States Congress passes the Fugitive Slave Law, which requires officials in the North to help return runaway slaves to their owners in the South.


1851: The first issue of the New York Daily Times appears. The word "Daily" will be dropped from the newspaper's title six years later.


1895: African American educator Booker T. Washington makes his Atlanta Compromise speech, in which he encourages blacks to accept their inferior social position while working for economic self-reliance.


1961: United Nations secretary general Dag Hammarskjöld dies in a plane crash in Africa while attempting to arrange a cease-fire in the Republic of the Congo (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo).


1970: Rock guitarist Jimi Hendrix dies of drug-related causes at the age of 27 in London, England.


1996: Boston Red Sox pitcher Roger Clemens matches his own record for strikeouts in a single game when he fans 20 batters, ten years after accomplishing the feat the first time.
 
Sept. 19th


1846: English poets Elizabeth Barrett and Richard Browning elope to Italy after marrying, against Barrett's father's wishes, in England.


1914: The Reims Cathedral in France, built in the 13th century, is severely damaged by German shells during a World War I bombardment.


1928: Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse makes his first appearance in the animated short Plane Crazy. Later that year, he will star in Steamboat Willie, the first animated film with synchronized sound.


1934: Carpenter Bruno Hauptmann is arrested for the kidnapping and murder two years before of Charles A. Lindbergh, Jr., the baby son of aviation hero Charles Lindbergh.


1959: Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, on a tour of the United States, denounces the security restrictions that prevent him from visiting California's Disneyland.


1994: Twenty thousand U.S. troops land in Haiti to oversee the return to power of elected president Jean-Bertrand Aristide.
 
Sept 20th


1519: Five vessels commanded by Ferdinand Magellan sail from Spain to attempt a circumnavigation of the world. Although Magellan is killed in the Philippines, one of the ships completes the voyage in 1522.


1830: The first National Negro Convention opens, organized by clergyman Richard Allen at his Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

1884: At its convention in San Francisco, California, the Equal Rights Party, formed to advocate for women's rights, nominates Belva Ann Lockwood for president of the United States.


1962: Mississippi governor Ross Barnett personally blocks an attempt by James Meredith to become the first African American to enroll at the University of Mississippi.


1973: In a $100,000 tennis match at the Houston Astrodome, billed as the Battle of the Sexes, Billie Jean King defeats Bobby Riggs in straight sets, 6-4, 6-3, 6-3.


1998: Ending a record streak of 2,632 consecutive games played, which lasted almost 17 seasons, baseball player Cal Ripken, Jr., of the Baltimore Orioles asks to be removed from the starting lineup.
 
1884: At its convention in San Francisco, California, the Equal Rights Party, formed to advocate for women's rights, nominates Belva Ann Lockwood for president of the United States.
Click to expand...

Thus ended civilization.
 
Sept. 21st

My Mom's birthday!

1897: In response to a child's letter, the New York Sun publishes an editorial that begins, "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus." :grinyes:

1904: Chief Joseph, the Nez Perce Native American chief who led his people on a 1,600 km (1,000 mi) journey to escape the U.S. Army, dies on the Colville Reservation in Washington at about the age of 64.


1937: The Hobbit, Oxford University professor J. R. R. Tolkien's tale of Middle Earth, is published.


1976: In an assassination widely credited to the secret police of Chile, Chilean opposition leader Orlando Letelier and his American secretary are killed by a car bomb in Washington, D.C.


1989: The U.S. Senate confirms President George Bush's appointment of General Colin Powell as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
 
Sept. 22


1586: English poet and courtier Sir Philip Sidney, author of the sonnet sequence Astrophel and Stella, is fatally wounded in a raid against Spanish forces in Zutphen, the Netherlands.


1862: U.S. president Abraham Lincoln issues a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, warning that on January 1, 1863, he will declare all slaves in rebel states to be free.


1927: In the famous "long count" fight, boxer Jack Dempsey's delay in returning to his corner after knocking down Gene Tunney allows Tunney to recover and knock Dempsey out, retaining his heavyweight title.


1961: The U.S. Congress formally authorizes the Peace Corps, which were created in March by an executive order of U.S. president John F. Kennedy.


1969: San Francisco Giants outfielder Willie Mays hits his 600th career home run, becoming the first National League player to do so.


1989: American songwriter Irving Berlin, born in Russia in 1888, dies at the age of 101, having written about 1,500 songs.
 
Mare said:
1862: U.S. president Abraham Lincoln issues a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, warning that on January 1, 1863, he will declare all slaves in rebel states to be free.
Click to expand...

A rallying point for an army that was losing the war at the time, and nothing more. It "freed slaves" in states that Lincoln did not have authority over, and it did not free slaves in states that were still in the union.
 
Sept. 25th


1513: The members of a Spanish expedition under Vasco Núñez de Balboa cross the Panamanian isthmus, becoming the first Europeans to see the Pacific Ocean.


1690: Publick Occurrences, Both Forreign and Domestick, the first newspaper in the American colonies, publishes its only issue before being suppressed by the government.


1789: Led by James Madison, the U.S. Congress approves 12 amendments to the Constitutition. Ten of these amendments, which will be ratified by the states in 1791, are known as the Bill of Rights.


1957: After prolonged resistance by local leaders, nine African American students enter Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, under the protection of the National Guard.


1965: Satchel Paige becomes the oldest pitcher in major league baseball history when he throws three scoreless innings for the Kansas City Athletics at the age of 59.
 
Sept. 26th


1580: The British ship the Golden Hind, commanded by Sir Francis Drake, returns from its around-the-world journey bearing a cargo of spices and captured Spanish treasure.


1789: U.S. president George Washington appoints John Jay the nation's first chief justice of the Supreme Court, and Thomas Jefferson its first Secretary of State.


1907: New Zealand, formerly a British colony, becomes a dominion within the British Commonwealth of Nations.


1957: West Side Story, the stage musical by Arthur Laurents and Jerome Robbins with songs by Stephen Sondheim and Leonard Bernstein, makes its Broadway debut.


1960: In Chicago, Illinois, Democratic senator John F. Kennedy and Republican vice president Richard Nixon stage the first televised debate between U.S. presidential candidates.
 
Sept. 27th


1660: Saint Vincent de Paul, founder of the Congregation of the Mission, which preaches to and cares for the poor, dies in Paris, France, at the age of 79.


1940: In the so-called Berlin Pact, the three Axis powers in World War II, Germany, Italy, and Japan, agree to a ten-year military and economic alliance.


1942: American bandleader Glenn Miller makes his last performance with his orchestra in Passaic, New Jersey, before enlisting in the U.S. Army, where he will lead an all-star band until his death in 1944.


1964: The Warren Commission, named to investigate the assassination of U.S. president John F. Kennedy, releases its report, which finds that Kennedy's assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, acted alone.


1994: The Contract with America, a ten-point legislative agenda prepared by Republican congressman Newt Gingrich, is signed by more than 350 Republican candidates for Congress.


1996: The Taliban, an Islamic fundamentalist movement in Afghanistan, captures the country's capital, Kabul.
 
SEPT. 28TH


1066: The Norman conquest of England begins, as an army led by William the Conqueror lands at Pevensey, England. William will be crowned king of England by the year's end.


1829: African American abolitionist David Walker publishes his radical antislavery pamphlet, David Walker's Appeal, which urges slaves to take up arms for their freedom.


1864: The First International, a revolutionary workers' group, meets for the first time in London, England, with political theorist Karl Marx in attendance.


1941: Choosing not to sit out the season's final doubleheader to protect his .400 batting average, Boston Red Sox outfielder Ted Williams gets six hits in eight at bats to finish the season with a .406 average.


1951: Quarterback Norm Van Brocklin of the Los Angeles Rams sets the National Football League record for passing yardage in a single game when he throws for 554 yards.


1960: In Boston's Fenway Park, 42-year-old Red Sox outfielder Ted Williams hits his 521st home run in the final swing of his career.
 
October 11th


1811: American inventor John Stevens and his son Robert Livingston Stevens operate the first steam-propelled ferryboat between New York City and Hoboken, New Jersey.


1980: The Soviet cosmonauts Valery V. Ryumin and Leonid I. Popov return to Earth after a record 185 days in space aboard Salyut 6.

1988: Mathematicians use a network of computers in the United States, Europe, and Australia to factor a 100-digit number for the first time.


1992: ACT UP New York holds its first political funeral.
 
October 12th


1492: The expedition led by the explorer Christopher Columbus lands on Guanahani, an island in the Bahamas. Columbus claims the island for Spain and renames it San Salvador ("Holy Savior").


1915: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German firing squad in Brussels for helping Allied soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium during World War I.

1933: The Department of Justice acquires Alcatraz Island from the U.S. Army.


1964: The Soviet Union launches Voskhod 1, the first spacecraft to carry a multi-person crew.
 
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