August 19th
14: Augustus, the heir of Julius Caesar and the first emperor of Rome, dies.
1791: African American astronomer and mathematician Benjamin Banneker sends a copy of his first almanac to Thomas Jefferson to disprove Jefferson's belief that blacks were intellectually inferior to whites.
1953: Royalist forces acting on behalf of Reza Shah Pahlavi, with the aid of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, overthrow Iranian premier Mohammad Mossadegh.
1973: Georgios Papadopoulos, leader of the Greek ruling junta since a 1967 coup, abolishes the monarchy and declares Greece a presidential republic. Papadopolous is overthrown later in the year.
1977: Comedian Groucho Marx, the best known of the Marx Brothers, dies in Los Angeles, California.
1991: Communist hard-liners attempt a coup in the Soviet Union, putting Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev under house arrest and declaring a state of emergency. The coup fails two days later.
Learn more about Mihkail Gorbachev.
2003: A suicide bomber destroys the United Nations compound in Baghdād, Iraq, killing 23 people including a high UN official.