Needed.
In the Languedoc, famous at the time for its high culture, tolerance and liberalism, the Cathar religion took root and gained more and more adherents during the twelfth century. By the early thirteenth century Catharism was probably the majority religion in the area, supported by the nobility as well as the common people. This was yet another annoyance to the Roman Church which considered the feudal system to be divinely ordained as the natural order (Cathars disliked it because it depended on oath taking). In open debates with leading Catholic theologians Cathars seem invariably to have come out on top. This was embarrassing for the Roman Church, not least because they had fielded the best professional preachers in Europe against what they saw as a collection of uneducated weavers and other manual workers. Worse still a number of Catholic priests had become Cathar adherents (Catharism was a religion that seems to have appealed especially to the theologically literate and whole Cathedral chapters are known to have defected, as they did for example at Orleans). Worse, the Catholic Church was held up to public ridicule (some of the richest men in Christendom, bejeweled, dressed in finery, and preaching poverty, provided an irresistible target even to fellow Catholics). Worst yet, Cathars in the Languedoc refused to pay tithes to the Catholic Church.
The Cathar view of the Catholic Church was as bleak as the Catholic Church's view of the Cathar Church. On the Cathar side it manifested itself in ridiculing Catholic doctrine and practices, and characterising the Catholic Church as the "Church of Wolves". The Catholics accused Cathars of heresy or apostasy and said they belonged to the "Synagogue of Satan". The Catholic side created some striking propaganda. When the propaganda proved only partly successful, there was only one option left - a crusade - the Albigensian Crusade.
During this period an estimated 500,000 Languedoc men women and children were massacred - Catholics as well as Cathars. The Counts of Toulouse and their allies were dispossessed and humiliated, and their lands annexed to France. Educated and tolerant Languedoc rulers were replaced by relative barbarians; Dominic Guzmán (later Saint Dominic) founded the Dominican Order and soon afterwards the Inquisition, manned by his Dominicans, was established explicitly to wipe out the last vestiges of resistance. Persecutions of Languedoc Jews and other minorities were initiated; the culture of the troubadours was lost as their cultured patrons were reduced to wandering refugees known as faidits. Their characteristic concept of "paratge", a whole sophisticated world-view, was almost destroyed, leaving us a pale imitation in our idea of chivalry. Lay learning was discouraged and the reading of the bible became a capital crime. Tithes were enforced.
http://www.languedoc-france.info/12_cathars.htm
Civil Authorities agreed
In the year 1198 Pope Innocent III delegated two simple monks to judge the heretics. “We command”, he says “to the Princes, to the Counts, and to all Lords of your lands, to aid them against the heretics, by the authority that they have been given to punish the evil-doers, so that when Brother Rainier has excommunicated them, the Lords should seize their property, banish them from their lands, and punish severely those who dare to resist. Now, we have given authority to Brother Rainier to compel the Lords to do this, on pain of excommunication and interdiction of their property, etc.” This was the first foundation of the Inquisition.
The Count, who knew the power that a papal bull could have, submitted and did what was demanded of him (1209). One of the papal legates, named Milon, ordered him to go to Valence, to surrender seven castles that he held in Provence, to join the crusade against the Albigensians – his own subjects, and to make due apology. The Count obeyed every requirement: he appeared before the legate, stripped to the waist, bear foot and bare legged, clothed in simple breeches, at the door of the Church of Saint-Gilles [10] ; there, a deacon placed a noose around his neck. Another deacon flogged him while the legal held the free end of the noose; after which the prince was obliged to prostrate himself at the door of this church while the legate ate his supper.
On one side of him were to be seen the Duke of Burgundy, the Count of Nevers, Simon Count of Montfort, the Bishops of Sens, of Auytun, of Nevers, of Clermont, of Lisieux, and of Bayeux, all at the head of their troops, and the miserable Count of Toulouse like a hostage in their midst: on the other side a mob animated by fanaticism of their faith. The city of Béziers tried to hold out against the crusaders; all the inhabitants who sought refuge in a church had their throats cut and the city was reduced to ashes [11] . The citizens of Carcassonne, frightened by this example, begged for mercy from the crusaders and their lives were spared. They were permitted to leave their city, almost naked, and all their goods were seized.
The spirit of justice and reason, which has been introduced into European civil law since then, has finally made clear that there was never anything as unjust as the was against the Albigensians. The people were not attacked for rebelling against their prince: it was the prince who was attacked to force him to destroy his own people. What would we say today if some bishops came to lay siege to the Elector of Saxony or of the Palatine, under the pretext that the subjects of these princes had favoured ceremonies different from those of the subjects of these bishops?
-Voltaire
More interesting stuff
http://www.languedoc-france.info/art...irecathars.htm